OOP C++ Coding

C++ is a popular programming language.

C++ is used to create computer programs.

For Ubuntu users in Visual Studio Code:-

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For Windows Users in Turbo C7 or C++ Compiler users check these below coding save the file in compiler as , "name".cpp and run it.

Turbo C++ compiler who else don't have in their computers or laptops download from here :-

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Now Examples for C++ Programs:-

Example

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main() 
{
  cout << "Hello World!";
  getch();
}

What is C++?
C++ is a cross-platform language that can be used to create high-performance applications.

C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, as an extension to the C language.

C++ gives programmers a high level of control over system resources and memory.

The language was updated 3 major times in 2011, 2014, and 2017 to C++11, C++14, and C++17.

Why Use C++
C++ is one of the world's most popular programming languages.

C++ can be found in today's operating systems, Graphical User Interfaces, and embedded systems.

C++ is an object-oriented programming language which gives a clear structure to programs and allows code to be reused, lowering development costs.

C++ is portable and can be used to develop applications that can be adapted to multiple platforms.

C++ is fun and easy to learn!

As C++ is close to C# and Java, it makes it easy for programmers to switch to C++ or vice versa


C++ Syntax

Let's break up the following code to understand it better:

Example
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>

void main() 
{
  cout << "Hello World!";
  getch();
}

Example explained

Line 1: #include <iostream> is a header file library that lets us work with input and output objects, such as cout (used in line 5). Header files add functionality to C++ programs.

Line 2: conio.h :- Here conio.h means console input output and .h means  (header file)

Don't worry if you don't understand how #include <iostream> works. Just think of it as something that (almost) always appears in your program.

Line 3: A blank line. C++ ignores white space.

Line 4: Another thing that always appear in a C++ program, is void main(). This is called a function. Any code inside its curly brackets {} will be executed.

Line 5: cout (pronounced "see-out") is an object used together with the insertion operator (<<) to output/print text. In our example it will output "Hello World".

Line 6 : getch(); it means get character , i.e. the output screen will hold till you enter any character i.e any word keybutton.

Note: Every C++ statement ends with a semicolon ;.

Note: The body of int main() could also been written as:
int main () { cout << "Hello World! "; return 0; }

Remember: The compiler ignores white spaces. However, multiple lines makes the code more readable.

Line 6: return 0 ends the main function.

Line 7: Do not forget to add the closing curly bracket } to actually end the main function.

C++ New Lines

New Lines
To insert a new line, you can use the \n character or you can use <<endl; :-

Example

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main() 
{
  cout << "Hello World! \n";
  cout << "I am learning C++";
  getch();
  return 0;
}

Tip: Two \n characters after each other will create a blank line:

Example

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main() {
  cout << "Hello World! \n\n";
  cout << "I am learning C++";
  return 0;
}
Another way to insert a new line, is with the endl manipulator:

Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
  cout << "I am learning C++";
  return 0;
}
Both \n and endl are used to break lines. However, \n is used more often and is the preferred way.

C++ Comments
Comments can be used to explain C++ code, and to make it more readable. It can also be used to prevent execution when testing alternative code. Comments can be singled-lined or multi-lined.

Single-line comments start with two forward slashes (//).

Any text between // and the end of the line is ignored by the compiler (will not be executed).

This example uses a single-line comment before a line of code:

Example
// This is a comment
cout << "Hello World!";
This example uses a single-line comment at the end of a line of code:

Example
cout << "Hello World!"; // This is a comment
C++ Multi-line Comments
Multi-line comments start with /* and ends with */.

Any text between /* and */ will be ignored by the compiler:

Example
/* The code below will print the words Hello World!
to the screen, and it is amazing */
cout << "Hello World!";
Single or multi-line comments?
It is up to you which you want to use. Normally, we use // for short comments, and /* */ for longer.

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